On this day in..........

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nortex97
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ABATTBQ87
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August 25, 1940

Luftwaffe attacks continue against the RAF's airfields in southeast England.

The first night-attack by RAF on Berlin's industrial targets is made by 43 aircraft from RAF Bomber Command in retaliation for the accidental attack on London the night before.
BQ78
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I went to the White House when Bush was president and they were renovating the exterior. They had taken off the exterior rock to clean it. Below it you could plainly see the scorch marks on the walls left by the fire.
ABATTBQ87
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On August 25, 1944the Free French Second Armored Division rolled into Paris, with the American Fourth Infantry Division close behind. Rapturous crowds jammed the streets to greet the Allies, who encountered "15 solid miles of cheering, deliriously happy people waiting to shake your hand, to kiss you, to shower you with food and wine," as a U.S. Army major recalled.

ABATTBQ87
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Battle of Britain timeline

Monday 26 August 1940

Dover, Folkestone, and airfields in Kent and Essex were attacked. Lesser raids in the Solent.

German Losses:
Airmen: 44 | Aircraft: 42

British Losses:
Airmen: 7 | Aircraft: 29
ABATTBQ87
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28 August 1942

RAF raid against Nuremberg is launched, killing 4,000 civilians and destroying over 10,000 houses.

A Japanese seaplane catapulted from submarine I-25 and drops firebombs on forests in Oregon.
nortex97
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A day late:
1836 The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen. "Houston" was a lot snappier-sounding than "mosquito-ridden, festering bayou".

The Allens were somewhat fascinating. They bought 6600 acres along the Buffalo Bayou for $5K using funds from Augustus' wife's inheritance. Sam Houston was their next-door neighbor. Charlotte's father had made his money as a river front developer in NY, and left the money for his daughters as women couldn't own property.
ABATTBQ87
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The Japanese Surrender in Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/japanese-surrender-tokyo-bay-september-2-1945







ABATTBQ87
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ABATTBQ87 said:

Quote:

1943 World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as "Black Sunday", was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields. Why 'Black Sunday'? 177 planes left, only 88 returned.



SSGT Robert Clarence Elliott, A&M Class of 1942, was assigned to the 343rd Bombardment Squadron, 98th Bombardment Group, 9th Air Force. On Aug. 1, 1943, the aircraft on which Elliot worked as an assistant engineer was hit by enemy anti-aircraft fire and crashed during Operation TIDAL WAVE, the largest bombing mission against the oil fields and refineries at Ploesti, north of Bucharest, Romania. Elliott's remains were not identified following the war. The remains that could not be identified were buried as Unknowns in the Hero Section of the Civilian and Military Cemetery of Bolovan, Ploiesti, Prahova, Romania.

UPDATE: On February 8, 2023, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) identified the remains of Staff Sergeant Robert C. Elliott, missing from World War II.

Staff Sergeant Elliott entered the U.S. Air Corps from Kansas and served in the 343rd Bombardment Squadron, 98th Bombardment Group. On August 1, 1943, Operation TIDAL WAVE, a bombing raid against the oil refineries around Ploieti, Romania, was launched. One hundred and seventy-seven B-24 Liberators took off from Benghazi, Libya, for the raid. SSG Elliott was an assistant engineer on a Liberator nicknamed "Four Eyes/Damfino" (serial number 42-40655-5) that was one of fifty-one planes that failed to return. His remains were not identified following the war. Operation TIDAL WAVE, while successfully damaging the Ploieti oil refineries, cost the lives of hundreds of USAAF airmen, many of whom were interred by Romanian citizens into the Bolovan Cemetery in Ploieti. During postwar operations there, the American Graves Registration Command exhumed unknown remains, eventually reinterring those that could not be identified at the Ardennes American and Henri-Chapelle American Cemeteries in Belgium. In 2017, DPAA began exhuming those unknowns for comparison with the unaccounted-for airmen lost during Operation TIDAL WAVE. The laboratory analysis and the totality of the circumstantial evidence available established an association between one set of these unknown remains and SSG Elliott.

Staff Sergeant Elliott is memorialized on the Tablets of the Missing at the Florence American Cemetery in Impruneta, Italy.

Cinco Ranch Aggie
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Today marks the official beginning of World War II, when both England and France declared war on Germany for the German invasion of Poland two days earlier.

The first Allied casualty of war was the liner SS Athenia. She was a British passenger liner on a voyage from Glasgow to Montreal via Liverpool and Belfast, carrying 1,103 passengers (~500 Jewish refugees, 469 Canadians, 311 US citizens, 72 British subjects, and 315 crew). Of those, 117 perished, including 28 Americans. Germany feared the sinking would bring America into the war on the side of the British and French, but FDR declared that the United States would remain neutral. The Athenia was sunk by the Kriegsmarine U-Boat U-30 under the command of Oberleutnant Fritz-Julius Lemp.

It was not until 1946, during the Nuremberg trials, when German officials - Admiral Raeder - admitted that Germany was responsible for the sinking and had gone to great lengths (falsifying the sub's logs and swearing the crew to secrecy) to cover up their role in the sinking.
ABATTBQ87
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Home Alive By '45': Operation Magic Carpet: Though lasting only 360 days, Operation Magic Carpet was the largest combined air and sealift ever organized.

Operation Magic Carpet officially commenced on September 6, 1945, four days after VJ-Day ; ending on September 1, 1946. Though on some days and months, particularly December 1945, the return rate was much higher. On average Operation Magic Carpet transported 22,222 Americans home every day for nearly one year straight. The sum total of which provides the mathematical framework behind the beginning of the post-war Baby Boom nine months later.

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/operation-magic-carpet-1945
nortex97
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  • 1900 Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
  • 1926 Germany is admitted to the League of Nations. This move shows how well participation in international organizations can stave off open warfare.
  • 1930 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape.
  • 1935 US Senator from Louisiana and former Louisiana governor Huey Long, nicknamed "Kingfish", is fatally shot in the Louisiana capitol building. He was a "progressive" democrat. How progressive? He was to the LEFT of FDR. One of his proposals was to tax all income over a million dollars at 100%.
  • 1941 World War II: Siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege against the Soviet Union's second-largest city, Leningrad. The Russians are forced to bake bread with flour mixed with sawdust to survive.
  • 1943 General Eisenhower announces unconditional surrender of Italy in WW II.
jkag89
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1900 Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people

CanyonAg77
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nortex97 said:






But sometimes I hit London.
Cinco Ranch Aggie
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Quote:

But sometimes I hit London.

BQ78
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Battle of Sabine Pass, 1863
nortex97
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Mercifully, the greatest murderer in history died. 40-80 million is a conservative estimate from everything I have read.
nortex97
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I'm a few days early to this mind-numbing anniversary, Sept 15th, 1944: battle of Peleliu begins.
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Shaped like a lobster claw, Peleliu measures at most five miles long by two miles wide. Because the island is so small, Marine Corps Major General William Rupertus predicted it would be subdued in a few days, despite the 11,000 Japanese troops and at least 3,000 Korean and Okinawan forced laborers ready to defend it. In fact, the battle, code-named Operation Stalemate II, ended up dragging on for more than two months. The marines were reinforced, and later relieved, by 11,000 soldiers from the U.S. Army's 81st Infantry Division. Over the course of the battle, the Americans unleashed an astounding barrage of munitions. Navy ships anchored offshore fired almost 6,000 tons of shells. Navy and marine aircraft dropped at least 800 tons of bombs. In their month on the island, the marines expended almost 16 million rounds of ammunition, including 116,000 hand grenades. The toll on the Americans was greatat least 1,600 died on Peleliu. For the Japanese, the toll was catastrophic. Fewer than 100 soldiers survived. And, in the end, it was all for nothing. The invasion of the Philippines started on October 20, even as the battle for Peleliu raged on.

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Peleliu is now barely remembered by comparison with more strategically consequential World War II engagements such as Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima, but its battlefield is the best preserved of the entire Pacific Theater. Since the war's end, the island's residents have generally avoided the areas where combat was most intense, which were left littered with human remains and unexploded munitions, and which are hilly and obscured by thick foliage. (See "Peleliu's Battle.") For Knecht and a team of fellow archaeologists who have carried out two surveys of the battlefieldaccompanied by demining experts who disabled and removed dangerous explosivesPeleliu has offered a rare opportunity to document the experience of soldiers on the front lines of the battle for the Pacific. "There are skulls and helmets and all the soldiers' stuff lying there just as it was left after the battle," says Knecht. "It's gruesome and horrible, but war is gruesome and horrible. Short of going into combat, Peleliu is probably the closest experience to being on a World War II battlefield."

The project, which was initiated by Palau's Bureau of Arts and Culture and carried out in cooperation with government representatives as well as traditional chiefs on Peleliu, has explored hundreds of sites on the island. Several stand out as illustrative of the battle's three phases: the American invasion and struggle to gain a foothold in the island's low-lying western plain, the drawn-out period in which the Americans slowly ground away at the Japanese defenses in the island's mountainous north, and the point when the Japanese leaders recognized their cause was lost. Archaeologists have also found personal items that, in some cases, they have been able to link to individual soldiers by name. And, they uncovered an inscription that offers insight into the mindset of young men willing to fight to the last.

More at the link. An absolutely gruesome battle.
Aggie12B
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Cinco Ranch Aggie
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Today, in 2001, I was arriving at my office near downtown Houston at about this time. It wasn't too much later that I overheard someone who was just coming in talking about an airplane crashing into one of the WTC towers. I didn't think much of it at the moment, other than visualizing an off-course Cessna or similar aircraft meeting a tragic end.

Someone else arrived talking about the same thing, and I recalled a story that I believe has been recounted on this thread - the B-25 bomber crashing into the Empire State Building.

When yet another person came in talking about this plane crash, curiosity finally got the better of me, and I tried to pull up cnn.com. The page wouldn't load. Hmmm, I remember thinking, wtf is going on? I opened a new browser tab and went to chron.com (Houston Chronicle). That page loaded right up. What I saw on the Chronicle's web page was a photograph of one of the towers with a massive fireball coming out of it. That was no Cessna, nor was it even something as small (relatively) as a B-25.

I spent the next hour listening to the radio I had on my desk. I am a software engineer for my entire career. As such, I had a database chart printed on a plotter hanging on a wall of my office. I was staring at that chart when I heard from the radio that one of the towers had collapsed. 9/11 is one of those Pearl Harbor / JFK moments for many, and while I will never forget the totality of that day, what I am going to take to my grave is that database chart. It is forever burned into my mind's eye. Hearing that the building had collapsed onto itself as it did was, in a word, traumatic.

I was at that moment standing in a similar type of building, one with a huge American flag flying on its roof (American General building, roughly 40 stories tall so not nearly as tall as the WTC but still tall enough to stand out on the Houston skyline). There was so much speculation coming out of that radio about pending attacks - because by now we knew about at least the third aircraft hitting the Pentagon, not sure if it was yet known about the 4th aircraft that was crashed into that Pennsylvania field. While it didn't happen, no one could know whether buildings such as the one I was in might also be on a target list. I couldn't get out of that building fast enough.

We sat around outside the building for a couple of hours. It was otherwise a pleasantly warm day, bright and sunny, one that you would never link to a day of terror such as it was. People were checking their phones for any information from our employer. Finally we got the communication that all work was cancelled for the next few days, and we were to go home. Once I got home, I just remember sitting in my recliner for hours on end watching FoxNews, doing absolutely nothing but watching everything coming out of NYC and Washington, D.C..
nortex97
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9/11/01 was a remarkable day. One example of the absolute concern in the nation/world;
nortex97
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ABATTBQ87
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On September 14, 1814, the Battle of Fort McHenry inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner."

https://www.history.com/articles/the-star-spangled-banner

https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/separating-fact-from-fiction-about-the-star-spangled-banner
ABATTBQ87
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George D Keathley, A&M College of Texas Class of 1937

Medal of Honor recipient for action on September 14, 1944

Citation
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty, in action on the western ridge of Mount Altuzzo, Italy. After bitter fighting, his company had advanced to within 50 yards of the objective, where it was held up due to intense enemy sniper, automatic, small-arms, and mortar fire. The enemy launched three desperate counterattacks in an effort to regain their former positions, but all three were repulsed, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides.

All officers and noncommissioned officers of the 2d and 3d platoons of Company B had become casualties, and S/Sgt. Keathley, the guide of the 1st platoon, moved up and assumed command of both the 2nd and 3rd platoons, which had been reduced to 20 men. The remnants of the two platoons were dangerously low on ammunition, so S/Sgt. Keathley, under deadly small-arms and mortar fire, crawled from one casualty to another, collecting their ammunition and administering first aid. He then visited each man of his two platoons, issuing the precious ammunition he had collected from the dead and wounded, and giving them words of encouragement.

The enemy now delivered their fourth counterattack, which was approximately two companies in strength. In a furious charge, they attacked from the front and both flanks, throwing hand grenades, firing automatic weapons, and assisted by a terrific mortar barrage. So strong was the enemy counterattack that the company was given up for lost. The remnants of the 2d and 3d platoons of Company B were now looking to S/Sgt. Keathley for leadership. He shouted his orders precisely and with determination, and the men responded with all that was in them.

Time after time, the enemy tried to drive a wedge into S/Sgt. Keathley's position and each time they were driven back, suffering huge casualties. Suddenly, an enemy hand grenade hit and exploded near S/Sgt. Keathley inflicted a mortal wound in his left side. However, hurling defiance at the enemy, he rose to his feet. Taking his left hand away from his wound and using it to steady his rifle, he fired and killed an attacking enemy soldier, and continued shouting orders to his men. His heroic and intrepid action so inspired his men that they fought with incomparable determination and viciousness.

For 15 minutes, S/Sgt. Keathley continued leading his men and effectively firing his rifle. He could have sought a sheltered spot and perhaps saved his life, but instead he elected to set an example for his men and make every possible effort to hold his position. Finally, friendly artillery fire helped to force the enemy to withdraw, leaving behind many of their number either dead or seriously wounded. S/Sgt. Keathley died a few moments later. Had it not been for his indomitable courage and incomparable heroism, the remnants of three rifle platoons of Company B might well have been annihilated by the overwhelming enemy attacking force. His actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service.

Born: March 10, 1917, Olney, Young County, Texas, United States

Buried: A.B.M.C. Florence Cemetery (MH) (D-11-26 , Florence, Italy
ABATTBQ87
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Sunday 15 September 1940

Heavy attacks on London were broken up by Fighter Command. The highest German losses since 18 August
[185 claimed by the RAF] forced a serious rethink by the German High Command.

As the full weight of the German bomber stream approached London, and squadrons from across No. 11 Group were already airborne or engaged, Prime Minister Churchill stood silently beside Air Vice-Marshal Park at the edge of the operations room plotting table at Uxbridge. Watching as every available squadron tag was pushed forward into the fight, Churchill turned to Park and asked quietly:
Quote:

"What other reserves have we?"

To which Park, without hesitation, replied:
Quote:

"There are none."

It was a moment of stark the climax of weeks of attritional combat. The fate of the capital now rested entirely on the squadrons already in the air.

Sunday, 15 September 1940, was a decisive turning point in the Battle of Britain. Fighter Command, fully committed, had repelled two of the largest coordinated attacks of the campaign. The Luftwaffe suffered unsustainable losses. Hitler's assumption that the RAF was on the verge of collapse was conclusively disproved. Operation Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely.

This day, later commemorated as Battle of Britain Day, marked the moment when the strategic initiative in the air war shifted firmly to Britain. As Churchill watched from the operations room at Uxbridge, he understood the significance. Britain had not only survived but also fought back and won.
Cinco Ranch Aggie
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This exchange highlights what Churchill had said on August 20, 1940 - Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.

Churchill was so very correct in that assessment before the battle was even done. My take on the Battle of Britain is that the RAF was very nearly knocked out of the war. The Luftwaffe had them on the ropes, so to speak, having greater numbers of aircraft and airmen so that every RAF loss was critical. But then a strategic mistake came when Hitler wanted to exact revenge upon the British cities for an RAF bomber dropping ordnance on Berlin. The Luftwaffe then started bombing British cities, leaving RAF airfields alone for a period of time during which the RAF was able to regroup sufficiently (barely) to put up enough of a defense to allow for the events of September 15 to happen.
ABATTBQ87
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Cinco Ranch Aggie said:

This exchange highlights what Churchill had said on August 20, 1940 - Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.

Churchill was so very correct in that assessment before the battle was even done. My take on the Battle of Britain is that the RAF was very nearly knocked out of the war. The Luftwaffe had them on the ropes, so to speak, having greater numbers of aircraft and airmen so that every RAF loss was critical. But then a strategic mistake came when Hitler wanted to exact revenge upon the British cities for an RAF bomber dropping ordnance on Berlin. The Luftwaffe then started bombing British cities, leaving RAF airfields alone for a period of time during which the RAF was able to regroup sufficiently (barely) to put up enough of a defense to allow for the events of September 15 to happen.

If you ever get a chance to go to London, make sure to visit the Battle of Britain Bunker museum and IWM Duxford to get a real feel for what was happening during that time.

The bombing of London and the German fighters' lack of time on target (10-15 minutes max) were other reasons for the RAF to rearm and train more pilots.

Also, the British produced more aircraft than the Germans during 1940

ABATTBQ87
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and thanks for clicking on the link
ABATTBQ87
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September 15, 1949

ABATTBQ87
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The Mayflower departed from Plymouth, England, bound for the Americas, on September 16, 1620. Sailing for more than two months across some 3,000 miles of open ocean, the 102 passengers including three pregnant women and more than a dozen children were squeezed below decks in crowded, cold and damp conditions, suffering crippling bouts of seasickness, and surviving on meager rations of hardtack biscuits, dried meat and beer.

https://history.visitlink.me/HV1okZ
CanyonAg77
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High brow: William Tell Overture

Low brow: Lone Ranger Theme

(Holds up hand for latter)
ABATTBQ87
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CanyonAg77 said:

High brow: William Tell Overture

Low brow: Lone Ranger Theme

(Holds up hand for latter)


nortex97
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  • 1683 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules": the first known description of protozoa. Van Leeuwehoek is commonly regarded as the inventor of the microscope.
  • 1787 The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • 1862 George B. McClellan's army halts the northward drive of Robert E. Lee's Confederate army in the single-day Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American history. The Union army outnumbers the South 2 to 1, suffers more casualties. "Quantity has a quality all its own."
  • 1908 The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes; killing Selfridge. He becomes the first airplane fatality.
  • 1916 World War I: Manfred von Richthofen ("The Red Baron"), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkrfte (Army Air Service), wins the first of eighty victories in aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
  • 1928 The Okeechobee Hurricane strikes southeastern Florida, killing upwards of 2,500 people. It is the third deadliest natural disaster in US history, behind the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Aggie12B
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On this date in 1947, the US Air Force was officially formed as an independent service branch

In honor of my late Father-in-law, Major Marvin Dale Bentley, I want to wish a Happy birthday to the US Air Force.

Maj Bentley was a US Army Veteran, a US Army Air Corps Veteran, a US Army Air Force Veteran, and finally, a US Air Force Veteran. RIP Mr. B
JABQ04
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The battle of Chickamauga begins today 162 years ago. Largely unknown, its second to Gettysburg in total number of casualties.

Tomorrow, a GGG Uncle of mine will be killed in action while serving as 1SG of Company K, 5th Texas during the 2nd day of battle.

If you've never been I highly recommend visiting. Beautiful visitor center, the battle was little confusing to follow at first, but the maps there and tour layout really help. Plus if your there, head over to Lookout Mountain for the view, it's only 20 minutes away at Chattanooga.
 
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