First off - I definitely agree w/the above Iphone suggestions as the best and easiest way to go. But to answer your first question, there aren't any digital cameras in your price range that are worth the price of entry. However, there is one camera that might be worth your time to investigate because of its fun factor. Look at the Fujifilm Instax Mini Evo hybrid camera. This is a digital camera that also prints on Fujifilm instant Instax film. Since it stores images digitally, you can shoot all the pics you want and then just print out the ones you like. You can even transfer images from your cell phone into this camera and instantly print out the ones you like. Or just wait until you get home and print then. It does a few other things as well that I won't get into here, but you can read about these on your own.
I have a metric crap-ton of photo gear that I might or might not take when we travel. However, I do take our Mini Evo on trips where I/we will be on a cruise ship or the same hotel for an extended period of time. I take pictures of the crew or the hotel staff and give them the pictures. It is a great way to make friends, as doing this always, and I mean *always* brings a smile to that persons face. When the staff likes you, they take better care of you. Also a nice way to give a small gift to people you meet during your travels, as - again - it never fails to bring a smile to a person's face when you hand them a picture of themselves in an interesting place. My Mini Evo is the cheapest camera I own by far, but it is the camera that is the most fun for me to use.
C